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Amo, Pwedeng Managot Maski Patay na ang Empleyadong Di Naireport sa SSS

Atty. Russel Ma-ao by Atty. Russel Ma-ao
October 24, 2017
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Malaking hamon para sa kolumnistang ito na isulat sa Filipino ang Your SSS Corner. Alam naming marami na tayong mga myembrong nagiging interesado sa mga naunang nailathala pero marami rin pong hirap intindihin ang salitang di naman nakasanayan lalo pa at batas ang pinag-uusapan. Kaya para lumawak pa po ang pwede nating maabot na mga myembro at bilang tugon sa suhestyon ng mahal kong asawa (na natatangi kong fan) pahintulutan nyo po akong sumulat ng Taglish version ng kolum, para naman mapasaya ko ang Filipino teacher ko nung highschool na nagbigay sakin ng pagkilalang Filipino Writer of the Year halos tatlong dekada na ang nakakaraan.

Pag-usapan natin ang istorya ni Jaime na namatay noong 1997 dahil sa pakakakuryente na nagdulot ng kanyang “first degree burn” at nagresulta sa kanyang acute renal failure na sya nyang ikinamatay. Nangyari ang aksidente habang kinukumpuni ni Jaime ang ilang bahagi ng bahay at mismong lugar din ng bisnes ng kanyang amo sa San Julian, Irosin, Sorsogon.

Bunsod umano ng kanyang pagiging Kristyano, nagkusang magbigay ang among si Gardo ng P40t sa misis at byuda ni Jaime na si Rosario. Dahil dito pumirma si Rosario ng Affidavit of Desistance na nagsasaad na hindi na nito papanagutin ang employer na si Gardo at tinatalikdan na nito ang kanyang karapatan kaya hindi rin ito magpipila ng kasong kriminal o sibil laban sa amo. Pumirma rin sina Rosario at Gardo ng isang Compromise Agreement kung saan nakalahad na si Gardo bilang employer ay nagbayad ng P40t kay Rosario para sa aksidenteng pagkamatay ng kanyang asawa na si Jaime bilang buo at kumpletong kabayaran sa para sa lahat ng nararapat sa biktima. Nakalahad din sa naturang kompromiso na dahil sa kaukulang bayad, pinapawalang sala nito ang among si Gardo sa lahat ng maari pang habulin bunsod ng aksidenteng pagpanaw ng biktima dahil sa kanyang pagiging trabahador ni Gardo.

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Matapos nito, nagpila ng claim para sa SSS benefits si Rosario sa SSS Sorsogon. Nagulat ito na hindi naman pala naireport bilang empleyado ni Gardo ang kanyang namayapang asawa at hindi ito rehistradong myembro ng SSS. Dahil sa pagpupumilit ni Rosario na empleyado ni Gardo si Jaime mula January 1983 hanggang sa maagang pagkamatay nito noong November 4, 1997, nagimbestiga ang SSS upang malaman ang estado ng empleyo ni Jaime. Napag-alamang nagtrabaho bilang laborer si Jaime kay Gardo mula 1983 hanggang 1997 at sumahod ang naturang empleyado ng mula P5 hanggang P60 kada araw. Nakausap din ng SSS si Gardo at ang asawa nitong si Estela at sinabi ng mga ito na si Jaime ay paekstra ekstra lang sa kanila. Minsan pinapayagan nilang magtrabaho bilang tagaani ng abaka si Jaime sa kanilang sakahan at kinukuha nito ang 1/3 ng ani bilang kabayaran. Kinukuha din nila si Jaime para magkumpuni sa bahay nila kapag libre ito at ito’y sinuswelduhan nila sa hapon pagkatapos ng trabaho. May mga panahong nangangailangan ng mga 50-100 trabahador si Gardo at ang kanyang asawa para magtrabaho sa kanilang sakahan at isa si Jaime sa mga trabahador dito na sinahuran nila ng P50 kada araw.

Ayon sa SSS, merong tinatawag na employer-employee relationship sa pagitan nila Gardo at Jaime. Dahil dito inobliga ng SSS ang employer na si Gardo na magbayad ng kontribusyon ni Jaime sa SSS. Dito na pinagkaila ng among si Gardo na empleyado nya si Jaime kaya inobliga rin ng SSS ang byudang si Rosario na magpakita ng prueba na si Jaime ay nagtrabaho kay Gardo. Imbes na maglabas ng ebidensya, nagpila ng petisyon si Rosario sa Social Security Commission (SSC) para pagbayarin si Gardo ng kontribusyon ng kanyang asawa at ng makuha nya ang kaukulang benebisyo sa SSS.

Depensa ni Gardo, si Jaime ay isang independent contractor, at wala itong naging superbisyon o kontrol sa trabaho ni Jaime. Dagdag pa nito, kung sakali mang empleyado nya si Jaime, hindi pa rin nararapat na bayaran nya ang kontribusyon nito sa SSS dahil paekstra ekstra lamang ito at tinatawag lang kapag kinakailangan. Kaya nagpumilit ito na wala syang obligasyong ireport si Jaime sa SSS bilang empleyado.

Sa inilabas na Resolution ng SSC, inutusan nito si Gardo na bayaran ang halagang P45,315.95 bilang kontribusyon ni Jaime at ang halagang P217,710.33 bilang 3% penalty kada buwan mula Marso 30, 2006, na patuloy pang madadagdagan hangga’t di nabayaran ang kontribusyon. Inutusan din ng SSC na magbayad si Gardo ng P230,542.20 para sa SSS at P166,000.00 para sa Employee Compensation (EC) bilang danyos dahil sa hindi pagrereport ni Gardo kay Jaime sa SSS bilang empleyado nito para sa kanyang SS coverage bago pa ito mamatay alinsunod sa Section 24 (a) ng SS Law.

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Inatasan din ng SSC ang SSS na bayaran si Rosario na kaukulang death benefit base sa Section 13 ng SS Law.

Umapela si Gardo sa Court of Appeals pero ayon dito, tama ang naging desisyon ng SSC. At dahil hindi naireport ni Gardo si Jaime bilang empleyado nito bago pa ito mamatay, nararapat lang na managot ito dahil ayon sa batas ang hindi pagrereport ng employer sa kanyang empleyado para sa SSS coverage ay dapat:

  1. magbayad ng benepisyo ng empleyadong namatay, nabaldado, nagkasakit o umabot sa edad ng pagreretiro (ito ang tinatawag na danyos o damages);
  2. bayaran ang lahat ng hindi nabayarang kontribusyon maging ang penalty na 3 porsyento kada buwan;
  3. managot sa kasong kriminal na maaring humantong sa pagkakakulong.

Ayon pa sa CA, ang hindi pagsunod sa normal na oras ng paggawa ay hindi dahilan para na hindi na maituturing na empleyado ang isang tao. Sabi nito, hindi kinakailangang aktwal na isupervise ng employer ang bawat tungkulin ng empleyado. Tama lang na may karapatan itong ipaubaya ang naturang kapangyarihan. Sa kasong ito, ipinasa ni Gardo ang kanyang kontrol sa kanyang empleyado sa kanyang tagapamahala. Pinakaimportante, pumirma si Gardo sa isang kasulatan, ang Compromise Agreement nito kay Rosario kung saan ito umamin na sya ay employer o amo ng namatay na trabahador. Sa batas, ito ay tinatawag na “declaration against interest.”

Umakyat sa Supreme Court ang kaso kung saan binigyang halaga ng Kataastaasang Hukom na sa loob ng 14 taon, si Jaime ay nagtrabaho sa mga lupang pag-aari ni Gardo, naging tagaani sa sakahang abaka nito at tagarepair o utility worker sa iba’t ibang establisimyentong pag-aari ni Gardo. Patunay lang ito na sa haba ng panahong nabigyan ng iba’t ibang trabaho si Jaime, ang serbisyo nito ay kinakailangan at kailangang kailangan (necessary and indispensable) sa bisnes ng employer na si Gardo. Ang bagay na ito ay pinalakas pa ng pagpirma ni Gardo sa isang Compromise Agreement. Dito na binigyang diin ng Korte Suprema na ang mga tinatawag na “pakyaw workers” ay tinuturing na mga empleyado kung may kontrol dito ang kanilang amo. Ang nasabing kontrol ay pinaubaya ni Gardo sa kanyang “caretaker”.

Sinikap pa ni Gardo na malibre sa obligasyon bilang employer nang binigay nito bilang rason na si Jaime ay empleyado ng isang contractor at hinayaan nya itong magtrabaho sa iba habang nagtatrabaho sa kanya. Bukod pa rito, tinakot lang umano sya ni Rosario na idudulog nito sa New People’s Army si Gardo kaya ito napilitang magbayad. Sabi ni Gardo, binayaran lamang nito ang pagkakaospital at pagpapalibing kay Jaime sa awa nito at pakikiramay sa taong nangangailangan at sa pamilya nito.

Hindi pinaboran ng Korte Suprema si Gardo at sinabi nito na ang mga nagtatrabaho sa sakahan o farm workers ay maituturing na seasonal workers. Ang mga seasonal workers ay maaring maituring na mga regular na empleyado. Ang kanilang relasyon sa kanilang employer ay panapanahon o seasonal, kung saan pansamatala silang natatanggal sa trabaho tuwing off season o di pa kailangan ang kanilang serbisyo pero muling tatawagin para magtrabaho pag kakailanganin na naman. Ang magiging basehan ay gaano ba kakunektado ang gawain ng trabahador sa karaniwang bisnes ng employer.

Binigyang halaga ng Korte Suprema ang haba ng taong paglilingkod ni Jaime kay Gardo. At dahil kinukuha rin si Jaime sa iba pang mga bisness ni Gardo, patunay lang ito na tuloy tuloy ang serbisyo ni Jaime para sa kanyang amo.

Nadismiss ang petisyon ni Gardo at pinagtibay ng Korte Suprema ang naging desisyon ng Court of Appeals na sumang-ayon sa naging Resolution ng SSC. Sa madaling salita, nanagot si Gardo bilang employer at kinailangang magbayad hindi lamang ng kontribusyon sa SSS at ng kaukulang 3 percent penalty dahil sa atrasadong pagbabayad nito, dagdag pa rito ang kabuuang danyos o damages na halos P400t dahil sa hindi pagrereport sa empleyado para ito masakop ng benepisyo ng SSS bago ito mamatay.

When justice is done, it is a joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers. Proverbs 21:15

Source: Jaime N. Gapayao vs. Rosario Fulo, SSS and SSC, G.R. No. 193493, June 13, 2013.

Atty. Russel L. Ma-ao
Legal Department
Luzon North I

Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, and not for human masters. Colossians 3:23

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