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Dapat Bayaran ng Amo ng “Pakyaw Worker” ang Kontribusyon sa SSS

Atty. Russel Ma-ao by Atty. Russel Ma-ao
December 12, 2017
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Marahil inaakala ng mga employer na ang pagkamatay ng kanyang empleyado ang magiging katapusan ng obligasyon nya rito dahil hindi na ito makakapagreklamo. Sa kasawiang palad, mas lalong madidiin ang employer oras na namatay ang kanyang empleyado at hindi nya ito naireport sa SSS para mahulugan ang kontribusyon. Heto ang kasong magpapatunay na hindi maililibing ang obligasyon sa SSS kasabay ng pagkamatay ng isang manggagawa na maituturing na “pakyaw worker”.

Naulila ni Ignacio si Margarita, isang magsasaka sa taniman ng tubo sa dalawang malalaking hasyendang inuupahan ni Conchita. Nalaman lamang ni Margarita na hindi naireport sa SSS ng among si Conchita ang kanyang asawa nang magfile ito ng claim para sa Funeral at Death Benefits. Dahil hindi naireport bilang empleyado, hindi rin nahulugan ang buwanang kontribusyon ni Ignacio gayung buwanan itong kinaltasan ni Conchita para sa kanyang hulog sa SSS. Nagfile ng petition si Margarita sa Social Security Commission (SSC) para hilingin na bayaran ni Conchita ang hulog ng kanyang asawa at ireport ang kanyang pangalan bilang empleyado nito para sa SSS coverage. Hiniling din ng byuda na utusan ang SSS na bayaran ang funeral at pension benefits na para sa kanya.

Napag-alaman ng SSS na hindi man lang nakarehistro bilang employer si Conchita kaya wala ring rehistro ang namatay nitong tauhan na si Ignacio. Dahil dito, walang maaring maging hulog para sa naturang empleyado.

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Nagdesisyon ang SSC sa panig ng byudang si Margarita. Ayon sa SSC nagtrabaho si Ignacio mula Enero 1961 hanggang March 1979 sa dalawang haciendang inupahan ng kanyang employer na si Conchita at ito’y sumahod ng minimum wage. Dahil hindi naireport para sa SSS coverage si Ignacio, may karagdagang pananagutan ang employer na magbayad ng danyos ng karampatang death benefit at ang halaga ng funeral benefit. Nararapat ding bayaran ng SSS ang byudang si Margarita ng kaukulang pension nito.

Agad na inakyat ni Conchita sa Court of Appeals ang kaso kung saan dinahilan nito na hindi sakop ng SSS ang isang independent contractor na gaya ni Ignacio na kinukuha lang paminsan minsan para mag-araro sa kanyang hacienda. Ayon kay Conchita, isang independent contractor si Ignacio dahil gamit nito ang sarili nitong kalabaw at araro, gayun din ang oras nito at sariling desisyon para kumpletuhin ang pag-araro sa sakahan.

Pinanigan ng Court of Appeals si Conchita kaya inakyat ng SSS ang kaso sa Korte Suprema.

Ang naging isyu sa usapin: maituturing bang empleyado ang isang trabahador sa sakahan na sinwelduhan ng “pakyaw basis” o pakyawan ang naging trabaho, para masabing ito ay may karapatan sa sapilitang coverage ng SSS upang mabigyan ito ng benepisyo.

Ayon sa employer, gamit ni Ignacio ang sarili nitong kalabaw at iba pang gamit sa pagsasaka at nagtrabaho ito ng naaayon sa sarili nitong oras. Giit ni Conchita, wala itong kontrol sa paraan ng paggawa ni Ignacio dahil isa itong independent contractor kaya walang masasabing “employer-employee relationship” sa pagitan ng dalawa.

Sa desisyong inihain ng Supreme Court, napansin nito na ayon sa mga tumestigo, bagama’t isang arador si Ignacio o nagtrabaho ito ng “pakyaw basis”, sinwelduhan ito ng arawan kung saan pumirma ito sa isang piraso ng papel bilang prueba ng pagtanggap ng sahod. Hindi ito iprinisenta ng kanyang amo sa korte, bagkus nagpakita ito ng mga payroll kung saan walang pangalan si Ignacio. Sa isang desisyong kahalintulad, ang Opulencia Ice Plant and Storage vs. NLRC, nagdahilan din ang employer na dahil hindi nakasaad ang pangalan ng empleyado sa payroll ng kumpanya, lumalabas din na hindi ito empleyado. Ngunit hindi ito sinang-ayunan ng Korte na nagpasyang walang partikular na klase ng ebidensya ang kailangan para patunayan ang pagkakaroon ng employer-employee relationship. Anumang ebidensyang maasahan at may kaugnayan para patunayan ang naturang relasyon ay maaring tanggapin. Dahil kung ang pagbabasehan lang ng employer-employee relationship ay ang mga dokumento, walang di sumusunod na employer ang maaring dalhin sa harap ng hustisya dahil walang employer na maglalabas ng anumang bahid ng kanyang maling gawain na pwedeng gamitin laban sa kanya bilang mas matimbang na prueba. Kaya ang testimonya ng mga saksi o testigo maski walang time sheet, time record or payroll ay maaring magpatunay ng employer-employee relationship.

Binigyang halaga ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman na maski hindi regular na taga-araro si Ignacio sa mga lupang sakahan ni Conchita, inuutusan din ito ng iba pang mga gawain. Lumalabas na nagtrabaho si Ignacio mula 1961 hanggang 1978 sa loob ng anim na araw kada linggo, apat na linggo kada buwan at 12 buwan kada taon. Bukod sa pag-aararo, nagtrabaho rin si Ignacio bilang tagatabas ng tubo, tagahila ng kariton ng tubo at pataba nito, maging pagdadamo at paglilinis matapos ng anihan. Dahil dito, hindi lamang isang arador ng “pakyaw basis” si Ignacio kundi isang regular na tauhan sa sakahan. Dagdag pa rito ang katibayan na nakatira sa loob ng plantasyon si Ignacio at ang pamila nito, patunay na nagtrabaho ito para lamang kina Conchita sa halos buong taon para mabigyan ito ng libreng tirahan sa lupain ng kanyang amo.

Sinabi rin ng Korte Suprema na hindi independent contractor si Ignacio sa kadahilanang: Una, hindi masasabing ito ay may sariling business o hiwalay na pinagkakakitaan. Ang kalabaw nito at araro ay maaring gamit nito sa pagrarabaho pero wala itong negosyong sakahan or pag-aararo. Pangalawa, ekslusibo itong nagtrabaho para kay Conchita sa loob ng 18 taon. Pangatlo, negosyo ni Conchita ang pagbibenta ng tubo na sinasaka sa dalawang hasyenda.

Pinagbayad si Conchita ng kabuuang kontribusyon ni Ignacio at kasabay nito, ang danyos para sa hindi pagrereport sa empleyado para masakop ng SSS bago pa ito mamatay.

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Reference: SSS vs. CA and Conchita Ayalde, G.R. No. 100388, December 14, 2000

Anyone who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing something useful with their own hands, that they may have something to share with those in need. Ephesians 4:28

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