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Hindi Kwalipikado Magpension ang ‘Surviving Spouse’ na Sumama na sa Iba

Atty. Russel Ma-ao by Atty. Russel Ma-ao
November 24, 2017
in Columns
Reading Time: 4 mins read
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A Surviving Spouse Must Also Be A Dependent Spouse
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Kamakailan naging topic sa Facebook ang reklamo ng isang ginang ukol sa pagsususpinde ng kanyang pensyon sa SSS sa kadahilanang ito’y nagkaroon ng relasyon sa ibang lalake. Ito ang tinatawag na cohabitation. Pinapatupad ng SSS ang ganitong patakaran dahil ayon sa batas, tanging ang legal na asawa at dependent na asawa lamang ang pwedeng makinabang sa benepisyo mula sa kanyang asawang namayapa.

Marami na po kaming naenkwentrong mga kwento ng mga nagdadahilan pang mga balo na wala silang relasyon sa iba, sa kanilang pag-aakalang maibabalik ang kanilang pension. Nagsasagawa po ng imbestigasyon ang SSS sa mga ganitong sitwasyon at nararapat lamang na putulin ang pension para sa hindi karapatdapat tumanggap nito lalo na kung iba ang makikinabang sa pinaghirapan ng namayapang myembro. Narito po ang isang aktwal na kaso ukol sa usaping ito:

Nagpakasal sina Antonio at Gloria noong April 29, 1964 sa Maynila. Noo’y pareho silang mga Pilipino. Wala pang isang tao mula sa naturang kasal, o noong Pebrero 1965, iniwan ni Gloria si Antonio at nagpakasal kay Domingo sa Nueva Ecija. Pagkaraaan ng apat na taong kasal kay Domingo, binalikan ni Gloria si Antonio noong 1969 at sila’y nagsama muli hanggang noong 1983. Nagkaroon sila ng tatlong anak, sila: Alain, Arlene at Armine.

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Umalis sa bansa si Gloria at nagtungo ng Amerika noong 1983. Noon May 1986, nagfile sya ng divorce laban kay Antonio sa Superior Court of Orange, Sta. Ana, California. Pero bago pa ito umalis, nagexecute the dokumento si Gloria na winiwaive na nya ang lahat ng karapatan nila sa kanilang conjugal properties. Ang divorce nila Gloria at Antonio nagrant noong Novemer 5, 1086.

Noong May 23, 1987, nagpakasal si Antonio kay Cirila delos Santos sa Camalig, Albay. Nagkaroon sila ng anak, si May-Ann na ipinanganak noong May 15, 1989. Nagpakasal muli sa Amerika si Gloria kay Larry Thomas Constant, isang Amerikano, noon July 11, 1987.

Pinalitan ni Antonio ang record nito sa Social Security System (SSS) nong May 15, 1989 upang tanggalin si Gloria at ipalit si Cirila at May-Ann. Nagretiro si Antonio noong March 1, 1996 at tumanggap ng buwanang pensyon. Ngunit namatay sya pagkaraan ng mahigit tatlong taon. Nagfile ng claim si Cirila ang pangalawa nyang asawa kaya ito nakatanggap ng buwanang pension mula December 1999.

Sa halos parehong panahon, nagclaim din si Gloria, ang naunang asawa ni Antonio. Nagfile ito ng Death Claim sa SSS Cubao pero nadeny ang claim dahil hindi qualified beneficiary ni Antonio si Gloria sa kadahilanang ito’y nagpakasal muli sa isang Larry kaya hindi na sya maituturing na “dependent spouse”.
Inakyat ni Gloria ang claim nito sa Social Security Commission (SSC) para sya ang kilalaning beneficiary ni Antonio. Isinama ng SSC bilang respondent si Cirila sa kaso dahil isa rin syang claimant sa death benefits ni Antonio. Pinadismiss ni Cirila ang kaso sa kadahilanang hindi na “dependent spouse” si Antonio dahil nagpakasal na ito sa iba. Dagdag pa nito, walang kapangyarihan ang SSC na desisyonan ang legalidad ng kasal ni Antonio dahil tanging ang mga regular na korte lamang pwedeng gumawa nito.

Sa kanyang oposisyon, ayon kay Gloria, hindi ang klase ng kanyang kasal ang nabanggit sa Social Security Law na maaring magdisqualify sa kanya bilang beneficiary. Ayon sa kanya, ang divorce decree na inilabas sa ibang bansa para sa mga Pilipino ay hindi valid at effective sa batas ng Pilipinas.
Dinismiss pa rin ng SSC ang petition ni Gloria. Pero nagdesisyon ang SSC na hindi dapat magpension si Cirila kundi ang kanyang anak kay Antonio na si May-Ann bilang secondary beneficiary. Dahil nagumpisa nang tumanggap ng pensyon si Antonio, tanging ang natira lang sa “five-year guaranteed pension” ang pwedeng ibigay ng SSS kay May-Ann. Pinabalik din ng SSC ang pensyong natanggap ni Cirila.

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Ayon sa SSC, masasabing iniwan na ni Gloria si Antonio noong kumuha ito ng divorce laban kay Antonio at nagpakasal sa ibang lalake. Hindi nito natugunan ang kaukulang “dependency requirement” ayon sa batas. Hindi rin pinayagan ng SSC na gamitin ni Gloria ang palusot na hindi valid ang kasal nito para sa kanyang pansariling kapakanan. Pero dahil sa hindi rin valid ang kasal ni Cirila kay Antonio, si May-Ann ay isang illegitimate child at natatanging secondary beneficiary dahil lahat ng legitimate na anak ni Antonio ay pawang lampas 21 na ang edad.

Dahil ang batas na naaukol sa panahong iyon ay ang RA No. 1161, na syang inayemdahan ng SS Act of 1997, sang-ayon sa batas:
Section 8. Terms Defined. x x x
(k) Beneficiaries. The dependent spouse until he remarries and dependent children who shall be the primary beneficiaries. In their absence, the dependent parents, and subject to the restrictions imposed on dependent children, the legitimate descendants and illegitimate children who shall be the secondary beneficiaries. In the absence of any of the foregoing, any other person designed by the covered employee as secondary beneficiary.

Umakyat sa Court of Appeals ang kaso kung saan sinabi ng CA na tama ang SSC na ang mga sumunod na mga kanya-kanyang kasal nina Antonio at Gloria sa iba ay hindi valid pero dahil si Gloria ang maituturing na legal wife ni Antonio, nararapat itong tumanggap ng suporta sa kanyang namayapang asawa.
Umabot sa Supreme Court ang kaso kung saan nagdesisyon ang Korte Suprema na disqualified si Gloria bilang primary beneficiary ni Antonio dahil hindi nito natugunan ang requirement na dependency ayon sa SS Law. Banggit pa nito na sa kaso ng SSS vs. Aguas, bagama’t obligado ang mag-asawang suportahan ang isa’t isa, hindi pwedeng i-presume na dependent for support ang bawat isa base lamang sa pagiging mag-asawa ng mga ito.

Sinabi rin ng Korte Suprema na ang asawang nag-iwan ng kanyang pamilya hanggang mamatay ang asawa nito at nakisama sa ibang mga lalake ay hindi dependent for support sa kanyang asawa. Dahil inamin ni Gloria na nilisan nito ang kanilang tahanan, ng dalawang beses at sumama sa dalawang magkaibang lalake, hindi na nito maikakailang sya ay dapat lang alisin bilang primary beneficiary ng kanyang dating namayapang asawa.

“In this world you will have trouble, but take heart, I have overcome the world.” John 16: 33

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